ILO Working Paper 140 (2025): Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure
Task-level occupational exposure framework for generative AI, built from expert input and model predictions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Plastering is a skilled trade requiring tactile precision on irregular surfaces in real buildings. There is no plastering robot. The skills shortage is severe.
Plasterers apply plaster to internal walls and ceilings to create a smooth, flat surface ready for decoration. This is skilled craft work: achieving a consistently flat, smooth finish on walls that are rarely perfectly true, working with a material that is time-sensitive (it hardens as you work), and adapting technique to the specific conditions of each building.
Experienced plasterers develop an intuitive feel for the correct consistency of plaster, the angle and pressure of the float, and the timing of each coat. This tactile knowledge, developed over years of practice, cannot be transferred to a machine.
No robotic plastering system exists in any deployable form. The few research demonstrations that exist work only on flat, controlled surfaces with consistent material — conditions that do not match real buildings.
The UK plasterer shortage is critical — the Chartered Institute of Building reports 10,000+ vacancies. Energy retrofit (insulating cavity walls requires replastering) and housing renovation are creating significant new demand.
These are the genuine threats to this profession. They are real, but they are not sufficient to overturn the fundamental analysis. Here is why.
Put the case that Plasterer will not survive AI displacement. The system responds with counterarguments from the research base. Strong arguments shift the score — up to a maximum of ±15 points. The system is not an AI. It is a structured argument engine.
This question layer is generated from the job verdict, the resistance case, the regional rollout logic, and the evidence status of this page. Use the filters to focus the discussion, or trigger a random question and work through the role from multiple angles.
Safe to present as a framework-level forecast, provided the page remains labelled as interpretive and source-grounded rather than certain.
TIER 3 review queue with 7 core sources and 3 framework signals.
This page is grounded in task exposure research and labour-market trend reports, then translated into a reasoned occupation-level argument.
This site now treats exact timelines, total job-loss counts, and regional speed as interpretive estimates unless a cited source states them directly. The argument on this page should be read as a structured forecast, not a guaranteed future.
These impact figures are site estimates for comparison and should not be read as official labour-market counts.
Task-level occupational exposure framework for generative AI, built from expert input and model predictions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Finds clerical work is the most highly exposed occupational group and that augmentation is often more likely than full occupation automation.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Shows AI exposure is highest in many white-collar cognitive occupations, while manual occupations tend to have lower exposure.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Advanced economies are more exposed to AI because they have more cognitive-intensive jobs; infrastructure and skills limit adoption elsewhere.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Large-employer survey showing clerical roles among the fastest-declining and care, education, software and green-transition jobs among growth areas.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Notes substantial automation risk remains, while observed labour-market effects remain mixed rather than universally destructive.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Argues advanced economies are better positioned to benefit from AI due to infrastructure, skills, and institutions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗