ILO Working Paper 140 (2025): Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure
Task-level occupational exposure framework for generative AI, built from expert input and model predictions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Hospital logistics robots are deployed and effective for specimen and item transport. Patient transport requires human porters. The profession is splitting by task type.
Hospital porters transport patients, specimens, equipment, and supplies around hospitals. Autonomous hospital robots (Aethon TUG, Swisslog CarryBot, Savioke) are deployed in hospitals globally, transporting specimens, medications, linen, and supplies between departments. This logistics task has been significantly automated in leading hospitals.
But patient transport — moving patients on beds or in wheelchairs between departments — requires human porters who can manage unexpected situations, communicate with anxious patients, provide physical assistance, and respond to clinical changes during transport. Patient transport is a safety-critical function.
The profession is splitting: logistics roles (specimen transport, supply delivery) are being automated; patient transport remains human.
These are the strongest arguments for why this job might survive. We take them seriously. Below each is the counterargument that explains why they are insufficient.
Put the case that Hospital Porter will survive AI displacement. The system responds with counterarguments from the research base. Strong arguments shift the score — up to a maximum of ±15 points. The system is not an AI. It is a structured argument engine.
This question layer is generated from the job verdict, the resistance case, the regional rollout logic, and the evidence status of this page. Use the filters to focus the discussion, or trigger a random question and work through the role from multiple angles.
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TIER 1 review queue with 7 core sources and 3 framework signals.
This page is grounded in task exposure research and labour-market trend reports, then translated into a reasoned occupation-level argument.
This site now treats exact timelines, total job-loss counts, and regional speed as interpretive estimates unless a cited source states them directly. The argument on this page should be read as a structured forecast, not a guaranteed future.
These impact figures are site estimates for comparison and should not be read as official labour-market counts.
Task-level occupational exposure framework for generative AI, built from expert input and model predictions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Finds clerical work is the most highly exposed occupational group and that augmentation is often more likely than full occupation automation.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Shows AI exposure is highest in many white-collar cognitive occupations, while manual occupations tend to have lower exposure.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Advanced economies are more exposed to AI because they have more cognitive-intensive jobs; infrastructure and skills limit adoption elsewhere.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Large-employer survey showing clerical roles among the fastest-declining and care, education, software and green-transition jobs among growth areas.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Notes substantial automation risk remains, while observed labour-market effects remain mixed rather than universally destructive.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Argues advanced economies are better positioned to benefit from AI due to infrastructure, skills, and institutions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗